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Footnotes

 (1)
There isn't even any good theoretical reason why an animal couldn't pass on to its children some non-genetic trait bestowed upon it by an accident of development within its mother. We don't know that this could happen, and the possibility has an alarmingly Lamarckian sound, but we also don't know that it couldn't.
 (2)
The ongoing arguments about when, if ever, is the appropriate moment to deny a woman an abortion don't illuminate much, but they do illustrate this point. The reason no one can agree on a single point is that all such choices are arbitrary. The process is continuous; there are no clear intervals. To put it crudely, one point on the continuum is as scientifically defensible as any other.

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